How Can I Make Music
The world of music has changed.
To make original music, you need to collect a lot of samples. 'I spent a long time searching for sound packs and samples,' says Leroy. 'For electronic music, you want a large sample library in.
Decades ago, if you were a musician, and you wanted to record an album…
You and your band played your asses off in bars and clubs every night…
And prayed that some big-shot producer in the audience who would impressed enough to give you a shot.
But not anymore.
Today, the trend in music production is shifting more and more toward home studios.
Great music is being produced all the time in bedrooms, garages, and basements by normal folks like you and me…
Often with little more than a computer, a USB mic, and some headphones.
Record a song, post it online, watch it go viral..and you’re famous overnight.
While it’s not that EASY, it is that SIMPLE.
But before any of that can happen, you must first know the process of how music actually is recorded.
And so in today’s post, I break it down for you in 4 steps…from start to finish.
Let’s begin…
Step 1: The Recording Process
In the earliest days of the music recording…
The process was much simpler than it is today.
Entire performances were recorded in single takes, sometimes with just 1 or 2 mics.
Today though, we use a more sophisticated process known as multitrack recording…
Where each instrument is recorded separately and combined later in a “mix”.
This offers two BIG advantages:
- It allows engineers to mold and shape the sound of each instrument independently of the others.
- It allows each instrument in a song to be recorded one at a time.
With this new method, it meant that one man could now do alone, what used to require an entire team of engineers and musicians.
While the actual steps in the process vary from engineer to engineer…
Here’s a general guideline of how it works:
1. Create a Track to Follow
The first step is creating some kind of guide for the other instruments to follow along with.
Most people use a simple click/metronome to set a tempo. But since not all musicians can follow clicks, you could also use a pre-recorded drum loopinstead.
And since not all songs have steady tempos, a third method is to create a scratch track…
Where an instrument or group of instruments are recorded as the guide, then “over-dubbed” one at a time, until the original can be deleted or “scratched“.
2. Record the Rhythm Section
As any musician knows, the rhythm section is the foundation of any song. When bands play together, everyone follows the drums/bass.
It makes sense then, that these be the first instruments you normally record.
In songs that lack drums/bass, another rhythmic instrument (such as acoustic guitar), can be used instead.
3. Record the Harmonies
Once you’ve built a good foundation, next it’s time to add to it by creating a chord structure.
Depending on the song, that could mean adding rhythm guitar, piano, synths, horns, etc.
With a basic chord progressions now in place, next it’s time to…
4. Record the Melodies
Since most songs use a combination of instruments to form the melody…
It makes sense that whichever ones are most dominant (usually lead vocals/lead guitar) be the ones you record first.
Then afterwards, you can fill in the gaps with all the supporting melodies.
After that, all that’s left is…
5. Add Color
To put the finishing touches on your song, you add all those little nuances that add color and flare to the main tracks.
Common examples might include:
- background vocals
- percussion fills
- piano fills
- sampled sound effects
Can’t Do It All Alone?
As I’m sure you already know, one of the hardest parts about recording all this stuff is finding competent musicians to play all these different instruments.
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If you ‘re lucky, you have a band…or you at least have friends willing to help out.
However, many of us DON’T. In which case, I highly suggest checking out the website Fiverr, where you can hire session musicians to help you out for very affordable prices…
- Here is their page for finding Session Musicians/Singers.
Once that’s done, you’re ready for the next phase…
Step 2: The Editing Process
Now that you’ve finished recording your tracks, it’s time to clean them up.
Because no matter how careful you were in the last step…
There will always be SOME mistakes that can and should be fixed…
With the amazing editing tools now available in the DAW’s of today.
Typically, editing is made up of 5 common tasks:
- Arrangement
- Comping
- Noise Reduction
- Time Editing
- Pitch Editing
With arrangement, you take an overall look at everything you’ve done so far, to evaluate what works, and what doesn’t.
For example, you could:
- delete entire tracks that don’t add value
- cut out sections of tracks that clutter the mix
- move a section to a new part of the song
- delete entire sections of the song altogether
With comping, you compare the duplicate takes of each track, and select the best one. If you like, you can even select best phrases from each take and combine them all into one “frankenstein-take”.
With noise reduction, you cut all sounds before, after, and in-between each section of audio where the instrument is playing.
This means removing:
- background voices
- amp hissing
- footsteps
- chair squeaks
- breaths
- or just dead air
To reduce noise further, you can add a high-pass filter beneath the lower frequency range of non-bass instruments, to remove rumbling sounds.
With time editing, you can fix off-beat notes, using one of two methods:
- There’s the “cut and paste” method, which works well on percussive instruments.
- There’s the “time-stretching“method, which works well on almost all instruments.
With pitch editing, you can shift any sour note back on-pitch, using Auto-Tune or any similar software.
Normally it’s used on vocals, but it also works well on most melodic instruments.
So that about covers the Editing Process.
Now on to the next phase…
Step 3: The Mixing Process
Once the tracks are arranged exactly as you like…
The next goal is to make them blend as one cohesive unit…though the process of “mixing“.
While mixing is an art form in itself, and can be done in many ways…
There are certain fundamental tasks that everyone does…
Common examples include:
- Balancing Faders – which is done so that no instrument sounds too loud or soft in relation to the others.
- Panning – which gives each instrument it’s own space in the stereo-image, much like each musician has his own space on-stage.
- Equalization – which crafts a unique space in the frequency spectrum for each instrument, so that no two sounds compete for the same band of frequencies.
- Compression – which levels out the dynamic range of an instrument so each note is heard clearly, and the mix sounds louder as a whole.
- Reverb – which creates 3-dimensional space for the mix, adding a sense of depth, and unifying the instruments under one room-sound.
- Automation – which allows you to change settings at different points in the song, to give your mix a sense of movement.
Once you’ve used these tools to craft your mix, and it sounds great…
It’s finally time for the last step…
Step 4: The Mastering Process
Before your song is ready to be mastered…
All tracks must be re-recorded down to a single stereo file…
Or “bounced“, as it’s commonly known.
Once that’s done, various mastering techniques are used to put the finishing touches on your song…
So it sounds even better.
Common techniques include:
- Maximizing Loudness – through further compression and limiting, so the average signal level over time is as high as possible, without sacrificing too much dynamics.
- Balancing Frequencies – through further EQ, and a process known as multi-band compression, which can compress individual frequency bands separately from the rest of the spectrum.
- Stereo Widening – with a special plugin designed to add an additional sense of “width” to the higher frequencies in your mix.
Once everything sounds perfect, the track is converted to its appropriate sample rate/bit depth. For example, CD audio is 44.1 kHz/16 Bits.
DIY or Outsource?
To put it simply, mastering is hard. And if you don’t know what you’re doing, you can easily make things worse, rather than better.
That’s why it’s standard practice for mix engineers to outsource the work to a “mastering engineer“, rather than doing it themselves.
However…
If you want to try it anyway, here are the software tools I recommend:
- Izotope Ozone – (Amazon/GuitarC/MusicianF/Thomann)
- IK Multimedia T-Racks – (Amazon/GuitarC/MusicianF/Thomann)
Good mastering engineers cost money, which not everyone has, or cares to spend.
Luckily though, these days there are many online freelance engineers willing to work for not much money at all.
And as I mentioned earlier in this article, Fiverr is a great place to find them.
- Click here to see their listings for all things audio…including: Editing, Mixing, AND Mastering.
Now…
Having said that, the next question is…
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Is mastering always necessary?
Decades ago, when all studio recordings were intended for sale, everything was mastered.
Today however…now that many amateur recordings are done “just-because“…
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Home studios will often do their own mastering, or skip it entirely. And that’s fine.
If all you do is share your music with family and friends, then who cares?
However…
- If you want to record music professionally, or…
- If you simply want your work to sound as good as it can…
Mastering your mixes is a MUST.
Sheet music is the format in which songs are written down. Sheet music begins with blank music staff paper consisting of graphs that have five lines and four spaces, each of which represents a note. Songwriters who compose songs in standard musical notation use staff paper to create sheet music, which can then be passed on to musicians who interpret the sheet music for a music performance. Today, making your own sheet music is easier than ever. With notation software such as Finale, or the free web-based Noteflight service, anyone can turn their musical ideas into professional music sheets.
Step 1
Use Noteflight to get started (see 'Resources). Noteflight is a free web-based music notation service that allows you to write, print, and even save your sheet music as music files for playback. Noteflight has a clean, easy-to-use interface that makes it possible for even a beginner to create a song in sheet music. Since Noteflight allows you to listen to to what you've written, you can experiment with different notes until you create something that sounds good, even if you are unfamiliar with music composition.
Step 2
Create a Noteflight account and log in to begin creating your sheet music. You can begin writing your song immediately. At the top of the page, located on a toolbar, click 'New Score' to create a blank sheet music document. Select whether you want your sheet music private or shared. Noteflight presents you with a blank music sheet in the Key of C with a 4/4 time signature.
Step 3
Click 'Edit Title' at the top of your sheet music and type in the name of your song, then click 'Edit Composer' and type your name. Make any changes necessary to your key signature or time signature on the 'Score' menu with either the 'Change time signature' or 'Change key signature' command.
Step 4
Add notes and rests to your sheet music by clicking on the blank music staff. A notehead appears, and you can drag and click where you want the note to appear. You can also use the floating palette to select different note durations. As you insert your notes, Noteflight will automatically reformat your sheet music to keep the proper number of beats per bar. To listen to what you have written at any point, go to the 'Play' menu and select the playback option you want.
Print your sheet music when you finish composing your song. The result will be a professional score of your song composition. You can also use Noteflight to make an audio file of your composition. Noteflight lets you assign actual instrument sounds to the appropriate parts. Go to 'File' and select 'Export' to save your finished sheet music as an MP3 or wav file. This allows you to take an example recording to your band.